KEADILAN GENDER DALAM RELASI SUAMI-ISTRI: TELAAH KRITIS TERHADAP KONSTRUKSI HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN DALAM HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47945/muadalah.v6i1.3331Keywords:
gender justice, rights and obligations, husband and wife, Islamic family lawAbstract
Marriage in Islam is an institution that establishes a relationship between men and women based on tranquility, affection, responsibility, and public benefit. Within Islamic family law, marriage creates a set of reciprocal rights and obligations between husband and wife. However, the formulation of marital rights and obligations developed in classical Islamic jurisprudence has often been understood through a hierarchical and gender-based division of roles. Contemporary social changes within Muslim families, including women's increasing participation in public and economic spheres, require a critical reconsideration of such constructions. This article aims to critically examine the construction of marital rights and obligations from the perspective of gender justice. This study employs normative legal research using conceptual, statutory, jurisprudential, and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah approaches. The sources consist of the Qur'an, prophetic traditions, classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence, the Indonesian Compilation of Islamic Law, statutory regulations, and relevant academic literature on Islamic family law and gender justice. The study demonstrates that the Qur'anic foundation of marital relations emphasizes reciprocity, mu‘āsharah bi al-ma‘rūf, balance between rights and obligations, and family welfare. Meanwhile, several formulations in classical jurisprudence concerning gender-based division of roles represent forms of juristic reasoning influenced by particular social and economic contexts. Gender justice does not necessarily contradict Islamic law; rather, it can provide an analytical framework for contextualizing family law while preserving its fundamental principles. This article proposes a relational-participatory paradigm in which husband and wife are positioned as partners in fulfilling rights, carrying out responsibilities, making family decisions, managing household affairs, and achieving collective welfare.
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