Spiritual Leadership in Developing the Human Resources at the Sorong Raya Islamic Boarding Schools

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines the role of Kiai’s spiritual leadership in developing human resources within Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Sorong Raya. Spiritual leadership, rooted in Islamic values, emphasizes moral integrity, exemplary behaviour, and religious devotion as key elements in shaping students’ character and competencies. This research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to provide a comprehensive analysis. The population consists of 756 students, with a sample of 76 students (10%), and 8 selected participants interviewed (10% of the sample). Data collection utilized a 40-item Likert-scale questionnaire and 6 structured interview questions. The quantitative findings reveal that Kiai’s spiritual leadership significantly contributes to students’ discipline, motivation, and ethical awareness, though challenges remain in adapting leadership styles to modern educational demands. Qualitative findings further highlight the consistency of Kiai as a role model, the influence of spiritual practices on student development, and the need for structured skill-based training. Respondents expressed both shared and differing perspectives regarding leadership effectiveness, particularly in balancing traditional values with contemporary human resource needs. The study concludes that spiritual leadership remains a powerful foundation for human resource development, yet requires integration with modern pedagogical approaches to maximize its impact. Strengthening institutional management, improving curriculum relevance, and enhancing leadership adaptability are recommended to optimize outcomes.