The Effect of the Numbered Heads Together Model on IPAS Learning Outcomes among Fourth-Grade Elementary School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
-
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47945/misool.v8i2.3327Keywords:
Learning outcomes, Direct instruction, Elementary School, Numbered Heads TogetherAbstract
This study examined the effect of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) model on IPAS learning outcomes among fourth-grade elementary school students. A quasi-experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group design involved 50 students, with 25 students assigned to the experimental group and 25 to the control group based on their initial abilities. Students’ learning outcomes were measured using a 20-item multiple-choice test administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, and an independent-samples t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The mean score of the experimental group increased from 57.20 on the pretest to 77.80 on the posttest, whereas the control group increased from 48.80 to 55.40. The data met the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The independent-samples t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups (p < .001). These findings indicate that students who participated in NHT-based learning achieved higher IPAS learning outcomes than those who received conventional instruction. The findings suggest that the NHT model can be considered an alternative cooperative learning model for improving IPAS learning outcomes among elementary school students.
References
Abramczyk, A., & Jurkowski, S. (2020). Cooperative Learning as An Evidence-Based Teaching Strategy: What Teachers Know, Believe, And How They Use It. Journal of Education For Teaching, 46(3), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1733402
Alharbi, A., & Johnston-Wilder, S. (2023). Exploring Teachers ’ Perceptions Towards Dialogic Teaching in Primary Science Classrooms in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Education and Practice, 11(3), 515–528. https://doi.org/10.18488/61.v11i3.3431
Amini, K. A., Völlinger, V. A., & Eckart, A. (2024). Implementation Quality of Cooperative Learning and Teacher Beliefs — A Mixed Methods Study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(3), 2267–2281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-023-00769-3
Camacho-Minuche, G., Espinoza-Celi, V., & Ulehlova, E. (2021). Cooperative Language Learning Elements to Enhance Social Skills In English Classrooms: A Case Study. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1116–1129. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2020-0176
Gopalan, M., Rosinger, K., & Ahn, J. B. (2020). Use Of Quasi-Experimental Research Designs In Education Research: Growth, Promise, And Challenges. Review of Research in Education, 44(1), 218–243. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X20903302
Güngör, F., Altunbaşak, İ., Taylan, A., Metin, A., & Cahit, K. (2026). A Second-Order Meta-Analysis On The Effects of Cooperative Learning On Students’ Academic Achievement, Higher-Order Thinking, And Affective Behaviors. Current Psychology, 46(552), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08943-0 A
Hermandi, A. F., & Subhanadri. (2025). Optimization of IPAS Learning Outcomes Through The Implementation of The Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Cooperative Learning Model. Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development, 4(4), 1341–1354. https://doi.org/10.17509/curricula.v4i2.89076
Idris, S. I., & Sulastry, T. (2021). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe NHT (Numbered Heads Together) Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X-A SMAN 1 Bungin (Materi Pokok Hidrokarbon). ChemEdu (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Kimia), 2(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35580/chemedu.v2i3.26619
Ikrom, F. D., Ningsih, P. H., Triutami, M., Aldiyansyah, M. R., & Nafsiah, S. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar. Cendikia: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(8), 533–540. https://doi.org/10.572349/cendikia.v2i8.2416
Jarwanto, J., Suwandi, S., & Sakhiyya, Z. (2022). Jigsaw and Numbered-Heads Together in Teaching Reading Comprehension for Low and High Critical Thinking Students. English Education Journal, 12(3), 381–389. https://doi.org/10.15294/eej.v12i3.60592
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning. Educational Researcher, 38(5), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09339057
Kholisunnada, F. A., & Darmawati, D. M. (2023). Implementation of the Numbered Head Together Learning Model to Improve Students’ Science Learning Outcomes. Prisma Sains, 11(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v11i3.8457
Kirk, M., Tytler, R., White, P. J., Paul, J., & Jo, F. (2025). Fostering Epistemic Space for Collaborative Solutions in Primary Science Through a Socratic Seminar Inquiry Approach. Research in Science Education, 55(3), 619–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-024-10209-x
López-Martín, E., Gutiérrez-de-Rozas, B., González-Benito, A. M., & Expósito-Casas, E. (2023). Why Do Teachers Matter? A Meta-Analytic Review of How Teacher Characteristics and Competencies Affect Students’ Academic Achievement. International Journal of Educational Research, 120, 102199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102199
Mouw, J. M., Saab, N., Janssen, J., & Vedder, P. (2019). Quality of Group Interaction, Ethnic Group Composition, and Individual Mathematical Learning Gains. Social Psychology of Education, 22(2), 383–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-019-09482-w
Ngada, A., Silalahi, E. K., Tarigan, P. S., Ambarwati, N. F., & Manalu, R. B. B. (2026). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(2), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v11i02.53184
Nur, A. M., Afdillah, U. R., & Asmi, N. (2025). The Effectiveness of The Numbered Heads Together Learning Model On Science Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Elementary School Students. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(2), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.26740/jppipa.v10n2.p134-140
OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I and II): Country Notes — Indonesia. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results- volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e- en.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Ong, A., Lee Teo, C., Tan, S., & Song Kim, M. (2021). A knowledge Building Approach to Primary Science Collaborative Inquiry Supported by Learning Analytics. Education 3-13, 49(3), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2020.1854964
Pramartha, I. P. A., Dantes, N., & Gunamantha, I. M. (2023). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Numbered Heads Together Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Ditinjau Dari Abilitas Akademik Pada Siswa Kelas V SD. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 7(2), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v7i2.61576
Rahmah, S., Marlina, M., & Saufi, M. (2024). Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Nusantara Journal of Education and Social Science, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.69959/nujess.v1i1.14
Ramadhan, N. S., Nawir, M., & Nursalam. (2024). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Numbered Head Together dan Talking Stick Terhadap Motivasi Hasil Belajar IPS. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pendidikan IPS, 18(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.21067/jppi.v18i1.9813
Rezeki, S. (2022). Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Tematik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together. Journal of Elementary School, 5(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.31539/joes.v5i1.3914
Rusmiati. (2016). An Overview of Number Heads Together In Language Teaching. Getsempena English Education Journal, 3(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.46244/geej.v3i1.696
Saptono, B. (2024). The Effectiveness of Numbered Head Together in Learning. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 12(2), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v12i2.74975
Sitorus, M. Y., & Soesanto, R. H. (2022). Increasing Student Responsibility Through the Application of Numbered Head Together Based on Student Worksheet. Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan, 9(2), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v9i2.4485
Sugiarti, A., & Suryanty. (2024). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran IPAS Menggunakan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe Numbered Head Together (NHT) Di Kelas V SDN 19 Batu Bulek. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(4), 646–659. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v9i4.18872
Sugiati, S., Khosiyono, B. H. C., Cahyani, B. H., & Nisa, A. F. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar IPAS Pada Siswa Kelas V SD. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 8(2), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v8i3.10882
Widyaningsih, N., & Estuhono. (2021). Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran IPA Melalui Model Pembelajaran Numbered Heads Together (NHT) di Kelas IV SD. Dharmas Education Journal (DE_Journal), 1(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.56667/dejournal.v2i1.267
Yuliani, N., Sugiarti, Y., & Rahayu, D. L. (2020). Using Technology for Formative Assessment in Food Preservation Learning. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(2), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v13i2.32555
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Agustinus Tanggu Daga, Afrile Putri Ezar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
